Relationship between Varicocele and Male Hypogonadism: A Review with Meta-Analysis

The relationship between varicocele and hypogonadism becomes clearer everyday thanks to the most recent literature, particularly with regards impact of repair on serum testosterone level improvement in hypogonadal patients. We selected English articles published from 1964 September 2021. search terms “varicocele” “hypogonadism” were used as filters. A total 102 studies have been obtained. For meta-analysis, pooled mean differences (MDs) for continuous variables ln(OR) data pooling observational studies. 15 finally included: nine retrospective six observational. Testosterone levels pre- after surgery reported four There was statistically significant heterogeneity these (chi2 = 267.09, I2 72%; p 0.01). Mean different men after-surgery (mean difference 106.76; < 0.0001). It is indeed established that altered environments caused by cause pantesticular insult, but it has not unequivocally determined whether are at increased risk development clinical symptoms.